Tuesday, June 14, 2016
Saturday, June 11, 2016
List of amendments
List of amendments to the United States Constitution 1st Prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering with the right to peaceably assemble or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances. ratified December 15, 1791 2nd Protects the right to keep and bear arms. ratified December 15, 1791 3rd Places restrictions on the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent, prohibiting it during peacetime. ratified December 15, 1791 4th Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause as determined by a neutral judge or magistrate. ratified December 15, 1791 5th Sets out rules for indictment by grand jury and eminent domain, protects the right to due process, and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy. ratified December 15, 1791 6th Protects the right to a fair and speedy public trial by jury, including the rights to be notified of the accusations, to confront the accuser, to obtain witnesses and to retain counsel. ratified December 15, 1791 7th Provides for the right to trial by jury in certain civil cases, according to common law. ratified December 15, 1791 8th Prohibits excessive fines and excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment. ratified December 15, 1791 9th Protects rights not enumerated in the Constitution, however nebulous and undecypherable they may be. ratified December 15, 1791 10th Reinforces the principle of federalism by stating that the federal government possesses only those powers delegated to it by the states or the people through the Constitution. ratified December 15, 1791 11th Makes states immune from suits from out-of-state citizens and foreigners not living within the state borders; lays the foundation for sovereign immunity. ratified February 7, 1795 12th Revises presidential election procedures. ratified June 15, 1804 13th Abolishes slavery, and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. ratified December 6, 1865 14th Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post-Civil War issues. ratified July 9, 1868 15th Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. ratified February 3, 1870 16th Permits Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census. ratified February 3, 1913 17th Establishes the direct election of United States Senators by popular vote. ratified April 8, 1913 18th Prohibited the manufacturing or sale of alcohol within the United States. (Repealed December 5, 1933) ratified January 16, 1919 19th Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex. ratified August 18, 1920 20th Changes the date on which the terms of the President and Vice President (January 20) and Senators and Representatives (January 3) end and begin. ratified January 23, 1933 21st Repeals the 18th Amendment and gives the States the power to prohibit or regulate the transportation or importation of alcohol for delivery or use. ratified December 5, 1933 22nd Limits the number of times that a person can be elected president: a person cannot be elected president more than twice, and a person who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected cannot be elected more than once. ratified February 27, 1951 23rd Grants the District of Columbia electors (the number of electors being equal to the least populous state) in the Electoral College. ratified March 29, 1961 24th Prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of a poll tax or any other tax. ratified January 23, 1964 25th Addresses succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities. ratified February 10, 1967 26th Prohibits the denial of the right of US citizens, eighteen years of age or older, to vote on account of age. ratified July 1, 1971 27th Delays laws affecting Congressional salary from taking effect until after the next election of representatives. ratified May 7, 1992
Thursday, June 9, 2016
Significance of numbers in Judaism
Significance of numbers in Judaism Numbers play an important part in Judaic ritual practices and are believed to be a means for understanding the divine. A Mishnaic textual source, Pirkei Avot 3:23, makes clear that the use of gematria is dated to at least the Tannaic period. This marriage between the symbolic and the physical found its pinnacle in the creation of the Tabernacle. The Hebrew word for symbol is ot, which, in early Judaism, denoted not only a sign, but also a visible religious token of the relation between God and man. It is largely held by Jewish leadership that the numerical dimensions of the temple are a "microcosm of creation ... that God used to create the Olamot-Universes." Significance of 1 The gematria (numerical value) of the Hebrew letter א The Oneness of God Significance of 2 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ב Significance of 3 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ג Indicative of a spiritual struggle or journey, especially 3 days/3 nights. Jonah 1:[13] Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they could not: for the sea wrought, and was tempestuous against them. [14] Wherefore they cried unto the LORD, and said, We beseech thee, O LORD, we beseech thee, let us not perish for this man's life, and lay not upon us innocent blood: for thou, O LORD, hast done as it pleased thee. [15] So they took up Jonah, and cast him forth into the sea: and the sea ceased from her raging. [16] Then the men feared the LORD exceedingly, and offered a sacrifice unto the LORD, and made vows. [17] Now the LORD had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights. Significance of 4 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ד Significance of 5 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ה Significance of 6 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ו Significance of 7 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ז The number 7 is the Divine number of completion A covenant promise (in Hebrew, the expression literally translated as "to seven oneself" means "to swear a covenant") The general symbol for all association with God; the favorite religious number of Judaism, typifying the covenant of holiness and sanctification, and also all that was holy and sanctifying in purpose The Seventh Day, the Sabbath Significance of 8 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ח Significance of 9 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ט The nine months of pregnancy (tisha yerhei leida) Significance of 10 The gematria of the Hebrew letter י Significance of 15 One of two numbers that is written differently from the conventions of writing numbers in Hebrew in order to avoid writing the name of God. The other is 16. Significance of 16 One of two numbers that is written differently from the conventions of writing numbers in Hebrew in order to avoid writing the name of God. The other is 15. Significance of 18 Gematria of "CHAI" חַי, the Hebrew word for life. Numbers evenly divisible by this number are considered good luck. Significance of 20 The gematria of the Hebrew letter כ Significance of 26 Gematria of the Tetragrammaton Significance of 28 Value associated with "Koach" meaning strength, commonly used in the saying "Yasher Koach" Significance of 30 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ל Significance of 36 The Tzadikim Nistarim (Hebrew: צַדִיקִים נִסתָּרים, hidden righteous ones) or Lamed Vav Tzadikim (Hebrew: ל"ו צַדִיקִים, 36 righteous ones), often abbreviated to Lamed Vav(niks)[a], refers to 36 Righteous people, a notion rooted within the more mystical dimensions of Judaism. The singular form is Tzadik Nistar (Hebrew: צַדִיק נִסתָר). The source is the Talmud itself, explained as follows: As a mystical concept, the number 36 is even more intriguing. It is said that at all times there are 36 special people in the world, and that were it not for them, all of them, if even one of them was missing, the world would come to an end. The two Hebrew letters for 36 are the lamed, which is 30, and the vav, which is 6. Therefore, these 36 are referred to as the Lamed-Vav Tzadikim. This widely held belief, this most unusual Jewish concept is based on a Talmudic statement to the effect that in every generation 36 righteous "greet the Shechinah," the Divine Presence (Tractate Sanhedrin 97b; Tractate Sukkah 45b). The Lamed-Vav Tzaddikim are also called the Nistarim ("concealed ones"). In our folk tales, they emerge from their self-imposed concealment and, by the mystic powers which they possess, they succeed in averting the threatened disasters of a people persecuted by the enemies that surround them. They return to their anonymity as soon as their task is accomplished, 'concealing' themselves once again in a Jewish community wherein they are relatively unknown. The lamed-vavniks, scattered as they are throughout the Diaspora, have no acquaintance with one another. On very rare occasions, one of them is 'discovered' by accident, in which case the secret of their identity must not be disclosed. The lamed-vavniks do not themselves know that they are one of the 36. In fact, tradition has it that should a person claim to be one of the 36, that is proof positive that they are certainly not one. Since the 36 are each exemplars of anavah, ("humility"), having such a virtue would preclude against one’s self-proclamation of being among the special righteous. The 36 are simply too humble to believe that they are one of the 36. The term lamedvavnik is derived from the Hebrew letters Lamed (L) and Vav (V), whose numerical value adds up to 36. The "nik" at the end is a Russian or Yiddish suffix indicating "a person who..." (As in "Beatnik"; in English, this would be something like calling them "The Thirty-Sixers".) The number 36 is twice 18. In gematria (a form of Jewish numerology), the number 18 stands for "life", because the Hebrew letters that spell chai, meaning "living", add up to 18. Because 36 = 2×18, it represents "two lives". Significance of 40 The gematria of the Hebrew letter מ Significance of 42 Letters in one of God's Divine Names Significance of 50 The gematria of the Hebrew letter נ Significance of 60 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ס Significance of 65 The gematria of Adonai Significance of 70 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ע Significance of 80 The gematria of the Hebrew letter פ Significance of 87 The gematria of Paz, refined gold Significance of 90 The gematria of the Hebrew letter צ Significance of 100 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ק Significance of 200 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ר Significance of 216 Gematria of Lion (בורה) and Gevurah (גבורה) Significance of 248 Gematria of Abraham (אברהם) Significance of 300 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ש Significance of 365 Length of the solar calendar (which has significance in Judaism) Significance of 374 Total number of years the First Temple stood Significance of 400 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ת Significance of 500 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ך Significance of 586 Total number of years the Second Temple stood[dubious ] Significance of 600 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ם Gematria of the word Tzitzit Significance of 700 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ן Significance of 702 Gematria of שַׁבָּת Significance of 800 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ף Significance of 900 The gematria of the Hebrew letter ץ
Thursday, June 2, 2016
Periodic Elements List
Do not take this list seriously! It is intended for your viewing enjoyment only. On the other hand this list is intended to be used for all purposes public and private. But always remember, you're on your own.
Z Sym Element Group Period Atomic Weight 1 H Hydrogen 1 1 1.0082 2 He Helium 18 1 4.002602 3 Li Lithium 1 2 6.942 4 Be Beryllium 2 2 9.0121831 5 B Boron 13 2 10.812 6 C Carbon 14 2 12.0112 7 N Nitrogen 15 2 14.0072 8 O Oxygen 16 2 15.9992 9 F Fluorine 17 2 18.998403163 10 Ne Neon 18 2 20.1797 11 Na Sodium 1 3 22.98976928 12 Mg Magnesium 2 3 24.3059 13 Al Aluminium 13 3 26.9815385 14 Si Silicon 14 3 28.0854 15 P Phosphorus 15 3 30.973761998 16 S Sulfur 16 3 32.062 17 Cl Chlorine 17 3 35.452 18 Ar Argon 18 3 39.948 19 K Potassium 1 4 39.0983 20 Ca Calcium 2 4 40.078 21 Sc Scandium 3 4 44.955908 22 Ti Titanium 4 4 47.867 23 V Vanadium 5 4 50.9415 24 Cr Chromium 6 4 51.9961 25 Mn Manganese 7 4 54.938044 26 Fe Iron 8 4 55.845 27 Co Cobalt 9 4 58.933194 28 Ni Nickel 10 4 58.6934 29 Cu Copper 11 4 63.546 30 Zn Zinc 12 4 65.38 31 Ga Gallium 13 4 69.723 32 Ge Germanium 14 4 72.630 33 As Arsenic 15 4 74.921595 34 Se Selenium 16 4 78.971 35 Br Bromine 17 4 79.9049 36 Kr Krypton 18 4 83.798 37 Rb Rubidium 1 5 85.4678 38 Sr Strontium 2 5 87.62 39 Y Yttrium 3 5 88.90584 40 Zr Zirconium 4 5 91.224 41 Nb Niobium 5 5 92.90637 42 Mo Molybdenum 6 5 95.95 43 Tc Technetium 7 5 [98] 44 Ru Ruthenium 8 5 101.07 45 Rh Rhodium 9 5 102.90550 46 Pd Palladium 10 5 106.42 47 Ag Silver 11 5 107.8682 48 Cd Cadmium 12 5 112.414 49 In Indium 13 5 114.818 50 Sn Tin 14 5 118.710 51 Sb Antimony 15 5 121.760 52 Te Tellurium 16 5 127.60 53 I Iodine 17 5 126.90447 54 Xe Xenon 18 5 131.293 55 Cs Caesium 1 6 132.90545196 56 Ba Barium 2 6 137.327 57 La Lanthanum 6 138.90547 58 Ce Cerium 6 140.116 59 Pr Praseodymium 6 140.90766 60 Nd Neodymium 6 144.242 61 Pm Promethium 6 [145] 62 Sm Samarium 6 150.36 63 Eu Europium 6 151.964 64 Gd Gadolinium 6 157.25 65 Tb Terbium 6 158.92535 66 Dy Dysprosium 6 162.500 67 Ho Holmium 6 164.93033 68 Er Erbium 6 167.259 69 Tm Thulium 6 168.93422 70 Yb Ytterbium 6 173.045 71 Lu Lutetium 3 6 174.9668 72 Hf Hafnium 4 6 178.49 73 Ta Tantalum 5 6 180.94788 74 W Tungsten 6 6 183.84 75 Re Rhenium 7 6 186.207 76 Os Osmium 8 6 190.23 77 Ir Iridium 9 6 192.217 78 Pt Platinum 10 6 195.084 79 Au Gold 11 6 196.966569 80 Hg Mercury 12 6 200.592 81 Tl Thallium 13 6 204.389 82 Pb Lead 14 6 207.2 83 Bi Bismuth 15 6 208.98040 84 Po Polonium 16 6 [209] 85 At Astatine 17 6 [210] 86 Rn Radon 18 6 [222] 87 Fr Francium 1 7 [223] 88 Ra Radium 2 7 [226] 89 Ac Actinium 7 [227] 90 Th Thorium 7 232.0377 91 Pa Protactinium 7 231.03588 92 U Uranium 7 238.02891 93 Np Neptunium 7 [237] 94 Pu Plutonium 7 [244] 95 Am Americium 7 [243] 96 Cm Curium 7 [247] 97 Bk Berkelium 7 [247] 98 Cf Californium 7 [251] 99 Es Einsteinium 7 [252] 100 Fm Fermium 7 [257] 101 Md Mendelevium 7 [258] 102 No Nobelium 7 [259] 103 Lr Lawrencium 3 7 [266] 104 Rf Rutherfordium 4 7 [267] 105 Db Dubnium 5 7 [268] 106 Sg Seaborgium 6 7 [269] 107 Bh Bohrium 7 7 [270] 108 Hs Hassium 8 7 [269] 109 Mt Meitnerium 9 7 [278] 110 Ds Darmstadtium 10 7 [281] 111 Rg Roentgenium 11 7 [282] 112 Cn Copernicium 12 7 [285] 113 Uut Ununtrium 13 7 [286] 114 Fl Flerovium 14 7 [289] 115 Uup Ununpentium 15 7 [289] 116 Lv Livermorium 16 7 [293] 117 Uus Ununseptium 17 7 [294] 118 Uuo Ununoctium 18 7 [294]
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